This book consists of the major findings of the series projects on smart rice farming in Japan, headed by President of the Society of Agricultural Informatics. It is the gateway to know the paddy agriculture, by incorporating the findings of series national projects. The scenario includes soil analysis, growth investigation, environmental observation of air temperature, water temperature, water depth, cultivation and management records, yield, and quality analysis. In addition to the analysis of this large database, it showcases the new generation large-scale rice farming technology system, integrated with agri-machineries, field sensors, visualized farming, and skill-transferring system. This book presents an analytical framework of big data in agriculture and shows the empirical results for rice farm innovation. The authors want to have the pleasure to contribute the agricultural innovations of adopting smart technologies and empirical studies, in countries no matter far or near to Japan. The authors also hope this book conveys the innovative and elaborate sprites of smart agriculture to the next generation and is of interest to students with curiosity on agriculture, smart technology, and empirical study.