First, concussion in sport carries a public health risk, given that athletes (in certain sports) are regularly exposed to the risk of sustaining concussion, which can have significant long-term medical complications, with some of the worst cases resulting in Chronic Traumatic Encephalopathy (CTE). This degenerative brain disease, first discovered in boxing, is now believed to affect a broader population of athletes in numerous sports disciplines.

Secondly, sports governing bodies, particularly those convening sports where concussion is prevalent (and possibly reasonably avoidable), are now exposed to the risk of financial and reputational damage as a consequence of legal proceedings being filed against them by injured athletes. A good example of this, among many other recent examples, is the case of the United States of America’s National Football League (NFL), the governing body for American football, which, in 2015, committed to pay US$ 1 billion to settle the class action filed by its former professional players.

This book examines how to most efficiently reduce these public health and legal risks, and proposes a harmonised solution across sports and legal systems.