The ninth edition of Exercise Physiology: Theory and Application to Fitness and Performance is intended for students interested in exercise physiology, clinical exercise physiology, human performance, kinesiology/exercise science, physical therapy, and physical education. The overall objective of this text is to provide the student with an up-to-date understanding of the physiology of exercise. The book contains numerous clinical applications, including exercise tests to evaluate cardiorespiratory fitness and information on exercise training for improvements in health-related physical fitness and sports performance. This book is intended for a one-semester, upper-level undergraduate or beginning graduate exercise physiology course. The book was written to be comprehensive to afford instructors the freedom to select the material that they consider to be the most important for the composition of their class.