This book employs a Foucaultian genealogical method to present an expanded, detailed and critical history of the discursive and practical use of biodiversity in international law. Drawing from environmental history, philosophy of science, political economy and development studies, this book articulates the series of on-going tactical battles over the scientific, social, economic and political truths that constitute biodiversity as an object of knowledge and regulation. The production of biodiversities a factual ecological truth cannot, this book argues, be separated from the processes of its social, economic, political and legal problematization. The volume articulates a critique of the strategic use of environmental history as the declensionist history of ecological facts and concepts in the service of narrow strategic projects, such as the global biodiversity regime. It strategically uses the modified history of biodiversity to demonstrate that the Convention on Biological Diversity and its treaty regime constitute a fluid assemblage of constant struggle and not the given, self-evident and rational mode for the global structuring environmental action. This volume will be of interest to advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in Environmental Law, International Law, Environmental Studies, and Ecology.