This book provides the first, definitive summary of circular cities and compares them to other city types, such as smart, zero waste, regenerative, and resilient. With cities striving to meet sustainable development goals, circular urban systems are gaining momentum. Especially in Europe, cities have adopted measures and strategies that aim to create sustainable circular systems in fields ranging from infrastructure to urban planning, social consumption, industry and business. Circular Cities explains the shift in focus from a purely economic concept, which promotes circular business models in cities, to one that explores a new approach to urban development. This approach offers huge opportunities and addresses important sustainability issues: resource consumption and waste; climate change; the health of urban populations; social inequalities and the creation of sustainable urban economies. It examines the different approaches to circular development, drawing on examples from four European cities: Amsterdam, London, Paris and Stockholm. It analyses different development pathways and levers for transformation. Finally, it focuses on the challenges to implementation faced by urban actors. This ground-breaking book will be essential reading to scholars, students, practitioners and policymakers interested in the circular economy, urban sustainability and ecology, the built environment, and urban policy.