The first edition of this award-winning book attracted a wide audience. Secret History is both a joy to read and a useful classroom tool. Unlike traditional textbooks, it requires no mathematical prerequisites and can be read around the mathematics presented. If used as a textbook, the mathematics can be prioritized, with a book both students and instructors will enjoy reading. This new edition incorporates new material concerning various eras in the long history of cryptology. Much has happened concerning political aspects of cryptology since the first edition appeared. The still unfolding story is updated here. The first edition of this book contained chapters devoted to how German and Japanese systems from World War II were cracked. Now the other side of this cipher war is also told – how the United States was able to come up with systems that were never broken. The presentation is in two parts. Part 1 presents classic cryptology from ancient times through World War II. Part 2 examines modern computer cryptology. With numerous real-world examples and extensive references, the author skillfully balances the history with mathematical details, providing readers with a sound foundation in this dynamic field. Features: Presents a chronological development of key concepts Part 1 includes the Vigenère cipher, the one-time pad, transposition ciphers, Jefferson’s cipher wheel, Playfair cipher, ADFGX, matrix encryption, Enigma, Purple, and other classic methods. Part 2 looks at the work of Claude Shannon, the origin of the NSA, elliptic curve cryptography, the Data Encryption Standard, the Advanced Encryption Standard, public-key cryptography and many other topics. New chapters detail SIGABA and SIGSALY, successful systems used in WW II for text and speech, respectively. A final chapter includes quantum cryptography and the impact of quantum computers