Understanding Risk to Wildlife from Exposures to Per- and Polyfluorinated Alkyl Substances (PFAS) provides the most recent summary of toxicity data relevant to mammals, birds, reptiles, and amphibians and provides values for use in risk assessment applications. Predicting the bioaccumulation of PFAS in terrestrial wildlife (including humans) has proven to be extremely complex. As a group, they act differently than traditional non-ionic organic molecules where they can breakdown and reform, while some are demonstrated to be extremely persistent. Where sufficient data are provided, the book establishes toxicity reference values (TRVs), which are derived to assist in characterizing environmental sources and making risk-based decisions. Features: Provides toxicity reference values (TRVs) for vertebrates (mammals, birds, amphibians) for PFAS where sufficient data are available, and includes objective supporting background information. Assigns a level of confidence to each TRV to provide the risk assessor with an understanding of the relative uncertainty associated with each value. Presents toxicity data through the use of scatter diagrams and in table format for quick review and assessment. Provides values relevant for screening and decision making This book serves as a useful aid for those industries that have contaminated sites with PFAS, consultants tasked with evaluating risks at those sites, and regulatory agencies at various governmental levels that need to know how much is considered safe for wildlife. It will also appeal to researchers with an interest in filling the current toxicological data gaps for PFAS exposure.