Now fully updated the second edition of Modern Diagnostic X-ray Sources: Technology, Manufacturing, Reliability gives an up-to-date summary of X-ray source design for applications in modern diagnostic medical imaging. It lays a sound groundwork for education and advanced training in the physics of X-ray production, X-ray interactions with matter, imaging modalities, and assesses their prospects. The book begins with a historical overview of X-ray tube and generator development, including key achievements leading up to the current technological and economic state of the field. The book covers the physics of X-ray generation, including the process of constructing X-ray source devices. The stand-alone chapters can be read continuously or in selections. They take you inside diagnostic X-ray tubes, illustrating their design, functions, metrics for validation, and interfaces. The detailed descriptions enable objective comparison and benchmarking. This detailed presentation of X-ray tube creation and functions enables you to understand how to optimize tube efficiency, particularly with consideration for economics and the environment. It also simplifies fault finding. Along with covering the past and current state of the field, the book assesses the future regarding developing new X-ray sources that can enhance performance and yield greater benefits to the scientific community and to the public. After heading international R&D, Marketing and Advanced Development for X-ray sources with Philips, working in the X-ray industry for more than four decades, Rolf Behling retired in 2020 and is now owner of the consulting firm XtraininX, Germany. He holds numerous patents is continuously publishing.