This handbook covers the major research streams on both petrodiesel and biodiesel fuels, building on original research in indexed journal literature published during the last half-century in three volumes. Each volume presents chapters on biodiesel fuels at the macro level including introductory chapters for the handbook at large, case studies of biodiesel fuels at the micro level, and petrodiesel fuels, respectively. There are four parts in the first volume, with chapters focusing on the introductory chapters for the handbook, biooils, biodiesel fuels, and biodiesel fuel wastes (glycerol). The four parts in the second volume focus on biodiesel fuels based on the four generations of feedstocks: edible feedstocks, nonedible feedstocks, waste feedstocks, and algae. Finally, the final volume focuses on crude oils, petrodiesel fuels in general, emissions of petrodiesel fuels, and impact of petrodiesel fuels on human health.